Succulents need their roots to dry out quickly. They don't like to sit in water for more than a day or two and will begin to rot if they stay wet for much longer. This is why I highly recommend using pots with a drainage hole when you are first starting out with succulents.
Do succulent pots need drainage holes?
Soil: Succulents and cacti thrive in well draining, porous soils. Gravel or expanded shale can be added to the bottom of the container to help increase drainage. ... Never let the container sit in a saucer of water. If your container does not have a drainage hole, you will need to water less.
How do you plant succulents in a pot without drainage?
The main trick is to water the plant normally, but after a few minutes, tip the planter sideways and drain out excess water. Double potting helps overcome the problem of no drainage holes in a planter. Grow the succulent in a pot liner or smaller container that can sit inside the larger, non-draining container.