Henshel (1981) says that the modern futures field, in the sense of a self-awareness or collective self-consciousness, started sometime between 1950 and 1960. Helmer (1983) while roots are the 1950s in Europe, the futures movement developed since 1963.

When did it start origin of the foresight field?

Henshel (1981) says that the modern futures field, in the sense of a self- awareness or collective self-conscious- ness, started sometime between 1950 and 1960.

Who defined planning as foresight?

According to Martin, foresight is a process involved in systematic attempts to envisage the long-term future of science, technology, economy and society. This process aims to identify strategic areas of science and technology that should provide maximum economic and social benefits [48].