Treatment of lumbar pseudarthrosis includes a variety of surgical options such as replacing loose instrumentation, use of more potent biologies, and interbody fusion techniques. Prevention and recognition are important tenets in the algorithm for the management of spinal pseudarthrosis.

Does pseudarthrosis require surgery?

Symptomatic pseudarthrosis often warrants a surgical exploration and revision as successful arthrodesis is associated with improved patient outcomes [^11,12,37].

What causes pseudarthrosis?

Causes. Pseudarthrosis occurs when bones fail to fuse with one another after spinal fusion surgery. Factors that reduce the ability of bone-producing cells (called osteoblasts) to produce new bone for fusion increase the risk of Pseudarthrosis.