Globalization is thus a highly contested concept and phenomenon. Contradictory and competing views, in turn, seem to be based on different interpretations of the present dominant forms of globalization, and of the material, economic, social and cultural conditions that these forms produce and give rise to.

Why globalization is a problem?

Globalization makes it virtually impossible for regulators in one country to foresee the worldwide implications of their actions. Actions which would seem to reduce emissions for an individual country may indirectly encourage world trade, ramp up manufacturing in coal-producing areas, and increase emissions over all.

Why has globalization been criticized?

Globalization has been criticized for benefiting those who are already large and in power at the risk and growing vulnerability of the countries' indigenous population. Furthermore, globalization is non-democratic, as it is enforced through top-down methods.