When ionizing radiation causes DNA damage (mutations) in male or female reproductive (“germ”) cells, that damage can be transmitted to the next generation (F1). This is in contrast to mutations in somatic cells, which are not transmitted. Detection of human germ cell mutations is difficult, especially at low doses.

Does radiation alter DNA?

Ionizing radiation directly affects DNA structure by inducing DNA breaks, particularly, DSBs. Secondary effects are the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize proteins and lipids, and also induce several damages to DNA, like generation of abasic sites and single strand breaks (SSB).

What genetic mutations are caused by radiation?

Examples include cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, hemochromatosis, Bloom's syndrome, and ataxia-telangietasia. The X-linked recessive diseases are due to mutations in genes located on the X chromosome and include Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Fabry's disease, steroid sulfatase deficiency, and ocular albinism.