This was further revolutionized with the introduction of programmable VP shunts in the 1980s. With programmable shunts, overdrainage and underdrainage of CSF could be treated with noninvasive adjustments to the pressure settings, either by increasing or decreasing the valve settings, respectively.

When was the first programmable shunt invented?

The first VP shunt system was introduced by Holter and Spitz in 1956. Approximately 130 different types of shunts currently exist. Although VP shunt surgery is still the gold standard treatment strategy for this disorder, the indications for surgery remain controversial.

Are VA shunts programmable?

About your programmable VP shunt settings

The amount of CSF your VP shunt drains depends on its pressure setting. With a programmable VP shunt, your neurosurgeon can adjust the shunt's pressure settings, even after it has been placed. In general, a higher pressure setting means less CSF is being drained.