High-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission is considered advantageous and in some cases superior to AC in applications such as long underwater cable crossing, long-distance bulk power transmission, stable AC interconnection, interties with low short-circuit levels, coupling 50/60 Hz systems, and long-distance underground ...

Where are HVDC lines used?

The modern form of HVDC transmission uses technology developed extensively in the 1930s in Sweden (ASEA) and in Germany. Early commercial installations included one in the Soviet Union in 1951 between Moscow and Kashira, and a 100 kV, 20 MW system between Gotland and mainland Sweden in 1954.

What are the applications of HVDC system?

Applications of HVDC technologies include water crossings, asynchronous interconnections (back-to- back), bulk power transfers including access to remote renewables (point-to-point), transmission in areas with severely restricted ROWs, and HVDC networked grids (multi-terminal).